Education
|
School/Level
|
Grade From
|
Grade To
|
Age From
|
Age To
|
Years
|
Notes
|
|
Primary
|
Elementary
Education
|
1
|
5
|
6
|
11
|
5
|
||
Middle
|
Intermediate
School
|
6
|
9
|
12
|
16
|
4
|
||
Secondary
|
Secondary
Education
|
10
|
12
|
17
|
19
|
2
|
||
Tertiary
|
Tertiary-
Higher Education
|
Primary Education
In Myanmar once also known as Burma decades of
political conflict have reduced a once-proud education system to one that is
lagging sadly. The quality of school teachers may be excellent, however aging
materials sadly let them down.
Following an optional pre-school period,
children enter primary school for 5 compulsory years. To proceed further they
must successfully write a comprehensive examination in basic academic subjects.
Many disadvantaged ones in poorer areas simply fail to succeed.
Middle
Education
The first phase of secondary education takes
place at middle schools. where students pass through grades 6 to 8 before they
write their standard eight examinations. The educational system is generally
corrupt, with seats in better schools often reserved for children of those with
government connections.
Secondary
Education
High school students entering at grade 9 may
choose either an arts or science stream. All study Myanmar, English and
mathematics. Arts students also study geography, history and economics, while
science students concentrate on chemistry, physics and biology instead. At the
end of this period students at government schools may sit for their university
entrance examinations. However those at private English schools may not.
Vocational
Education
Vocational training, which is largely in the
hands of the private sector has become popular among young people wanting to
enter the hospitality, tourism, beauty, fashion, nursing or engineering
sectors. It acts as a bridge to better jobs for those with little or no work
experience.
Tertiary
Education
Myanmar is well endowed with universities where
the widest range of courses may be followed. However academic freedom remains
constrained, and students may not speak freely, or write and publish freely
either.
The oldest tertiary institution is Yangon (Rangoon) University founded in 1878. It has been at the center of civil discontent throughout its history. Notwithstanding this, women’s halls of residence are strictly limited which filters out many promising female students from the countryside.
The oldest tertiary institution is Yangon (Rangoon) University founded in 1878. It has been at the center of civil discontent throughout its history. Notwithstanding this, women’s halls of residence are strictly limited which filters out many promising female students from the countryside.
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The educational system of Burma is operated by the government Ministry of Education. Universities and professional institutes from upperBurma and lower Burma are run by two separate entities, the Departments of Higher Education (Lower Burma and Upper Burma), whose office headquarters are basedin Yangon and Mandalaym respectively. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system, due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Burma.
"The
first Government high school was founded by the British colonial administration
in 1874. Two years later, this Government High School was upgraded and became
University College, Rangoon."[1] Nearly
all schools are government-operated, but recently, there has been an increase
in privately funded schools (which specialise in English). Schooling is
compulsory until the end of elementary school, probably about 9 years old,
while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.
The
literacy rate of Burma, according the UNESCO Institute of
Statistics (2005) stands at 89.7% (males: 93.7%, females: 86.2%), although
there is dispute over the accuracy of the provided literacy rates. The annual
budget allocated to education by the government is low; only about 1.2% is
spent per year on education. English is taught as a second language from Kindergarten.
Most
of the early mission schools are since 1860 (such as La Salle schools) in Burma were
nationalized on April 1, 1965 after the order restoration of general Ne Win.
references:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Burmhttp://www.shwedarling.com/blog/2006/05/24/myanmar-urges-teachers-to-focus-on-in-school-teaching/
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